Artificially generated turbulence: a review of phycological nanocosm, microcosm, and mesocosm experiments

Abstract Building on a summary of how turbulence influences biological systems, we reviewed key phytoplankton-turbulence laboratory experiments (after Peters and Redondo in Scientia Marina: Lectures plankton turbulence, International Centre for Coastal Resources, Barcelona, 1997) Marrasé (Marine Ecology Progress Series 205:291–306, 2000) to provide current overview artificial generation methods quantification techniques. This review found that most phytoplankton studies using feature some form turbulence; it is recommended use turbulent dissipation rates ( ? ) consistency with physical oceanographic limnological observations. Grid-generated the dominant method used generate providing quantified values. Couette cylinders are also commonly due ease quantification, albeit as shear not . Dinoflagellates were primary phytoplanktonic group studied their propensity forming harmful algal blooms (HAB) well apparent sensitivity turbulence. study majority experimental setups made from acrylate plastics could emit toxins these materials degrade under UV light. Furthermore, cosm systems sufficiently large accommodate full range length scales, omitting larger vertical overturns. Recognising interactions extremely complex, continued promotion more interdisciplinary recommended.